Securing Infrastructure Access at Scale in Large Enterprises
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Teleport

Teleport Recording Proxy Mode

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Teleport Recording Proxy Mode was added to allow Teleport users to enable session recording for servers running sshd, which is helpful when gradually transitioning large server fleets to Teleport.

Teleport OpenSSH Recording Proxy

Teleport Cloud only supports session recording at the Node level. If you are interested in setting up session recording, read our Server Access Getting Started Guide so you can start replacing your OpenSSH servers with Teleport Nodes.

We consider Recording Proxy Mode to be less secure than recording at the Node level for two reasons:

  • It grants additional privileges to the Teleport Proxy Service. In the default Node Recording mode, the Proxy Service stores no secrets and cannot "see" the decrypted data. This makes a Proxy Server less critical to the security of the overall cluster. But if an attacker gains physical access to a Proxy Server running in Proxy Recording mode, they will be able to see the decrypted traffic and client keys stored in the Proxy Server's process memory.
  • Recording Proxy Mode requires the use of SSH agent forwarding. Agent forwarding is required because without it, a Proxy Server will not be able to establish a second connection to the destination node.

The Teleport Proxy Service should be available to clients and set up with TLS.

Prerequisites

  • A running self-hosted Teleport cluster. If you want to get started with self-hosted Teleport Enterprise, contact Sales. You can also set up a demo environment with Teleport Community Edition.

  • The tctl admin tool and tsh client tool version >= 16.4.7.

    Visit Installation for instructions on downloading tctl and tsh.

  • A host where you will run an OpenSSH server.
  • To check that you can connect to your Teleport cluster, sign in with tsh login, then verify that you can run tctl commands using your current credentials. For example: 
    tsh login --proxy=teleport.example.com --user=email@example.com
    tctl status
    Cluster  teleport.example.com
    Version  16.4.7
    CA pin   sha256:abdc1245efgh5678abdc1245efgh5678abdc1245efgh5678abdc1245efgh5678
    If you can connect to the cluster and run the tctl status command, you can use your current credentials to run subsequent tctl commands from your workstation. If you host your own Teleport cluster, you can also run tctl commands on the computer that hosts the Teleport Auth Service for full permissions.

Step 1/3. Configure Teleport

When running Teleport in production, you should adhere to the following best practices to avoid security incidents:

  • Avoid using sudo in production environments unless it's necessary.
  • Create new, non-root, users and use test instances for experimenting with Teleport.
  • Run Teleport's services as a non-root user unless required. Only the SSH Service requires root access. Note that you will need root permissions (or the CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE capability) to make Teleport listen on a port numbered < 1024 (e.g. 443).
  • Follow the principle of least privilege. Don't give users permissive roles when more a restrictive role will do. For example, don't assign users the built-in access,editor roles, which give them permissions to access and edit all cluster resources. Instead, define roles with the minimum required permissions for each user and configure access requests to provide temporary elevated permissions.
  • When you enroll Teleport resources—for example, new databases or applications—you should save the invitation token to a file. If you enter the token directly on the command line, a malicious user could view it by running the history command on a compromised system.

You should note that these practices aren't necessarily reflected in the examples used in documentation. Examples in the documentation are primarily intended for demonstration and for development environments.

Warning

Backing up production instances, environments, and/or settings before making permanent modifications is encouraged as a best practice. Doing so allows you to roll back to an existing state if needed.

Enable Proxy Recording Mode

To enable session recording for sshd nodes, the cluster must be switched to Recording Proxy Mode. In this mode, the recording will be done on the Proxy level.

Edit the Auth Service configuration file as follows:

# snippet from /etc/teleport.yaml
auth_service:
   # Session Recording must be set to Proxy to work with OpenSSH
   session_recording: "proxy"  # can also be "off" and "node" (default)

Optional insecure step: Disable strict host checking

When in recording mode, Teleport will check that the host certificate of any Node a user connects to is signed by a Teleport CA. By default, this is a strict check. If the Node presents just a key or a certificate signed by a different CA, Teleport will reject this connection with the error message:

ssh: handshake failed: remote host presented a public key, expected a host
certificate

You can disable strict host checks as shown below. However, this opens the possibility for Person-in-the-Middle attacks and is not recommended.

# snippet from /etc/teleport.yaml
auth_service:
  proxy_checks_host_keys: no

Step 2/3. Configure sshd

sshd must be told to allow users to log in with certificates generated by the Teleport User CA. Start by exporting the Teleport CA public key.

On your Teleport Node, export the Teleport Certificate Authority certificate into a file and update your SSH configuration to trust Teleport's CA. Assign proxy to the address of your Teleport Proxy Service:

curl 'https://proxy/webapi/auth/export?type=user' | sed s/cert-authority\ // > teleport_user_ca.pub
sudo mv ./teleport_user_ca.pub /etc/ssh/teleport_user_ca.pub
echo "TrustedUserCAKeys /etc/ssh/teleport_user_ca.pub" | sudo tee -a /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Restart sshd.

Now, sshd will trust users who present a Teleport-issued certificate. The next step is to configure host authentication.

The recommended solution is to ask Teleport to issue valid host certificates for all OpenSSH nodes. To generate a host certificate, run this on your Teleport Auth Server:

Creating host certs, with an array of every host to be accessed.
Wildcard certs aren't supported by OpenSSH. The domain must be fully
qualified.
Management of the host certificates can become complex. This is another
reason we recommend using Teleport SSH on nodes.
sudo tctl auth sign \      --host=api.example.com,ssh.example.com,64.225.88.175,64.225.88.178 \      --format=openssh \      --out=api.example.com

The credentials have been written to api.example.com, api.example.com-cert.pub
You can use ssh-keygen to verify the contents.
ssh-keygen -L -f api.example.com-cert.pub
api.example.com-cert.pub:
Type: ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com host certificate
Public key: RSA-CERT SHA256:ireEc5HWFjhYPUhmztaFud7EgsopO8l+GpxNMd3wMSk
Signing CA: RSA SHA256:/6HSHsoU5u+r85M26Ut+M9gl+HventwSwrbTvP/cmvo
Key ID: ""
Serial: 0
Valid: after 2020-07-29T20:26:24
Principals:
api.example.com
ssh.example.com
64.225.88.175
64.225.88.178
Critical Options: (none)
Extensions:
x-teleport-authority UNKNOWN OPTION (len 47)
x-teleport-role UNKNOWN OPTION (len 8)

Then add the following lines to /etc/ssh/sshd_config on all OpenSSH nodes, and restart sshd.

HostKey /etc/ssh/api.example.com
HostCertificate /etc/ssh/api.example.com-cert.pub

Step 3/3. Use Proxy Recording Mode

Now you can use the tsh ssh command to log in to any sshd node in the cluster, and the session will be recorded.

tsh ssh to use default ssh port:22
tsh ssh --port=22 user@host.example.com
Example for a Amazon EC2 Host
tsh ssh --port=22 ec2-user@ec2-54-EXAMPLE.us-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com

If you want to use the OpenSSH ssh client for logging into sshd servers behind a proxy in "recording mode", you have to tell the ssh client to use a jump host and enable SSH agent forwarding, otherwise, a recording proxy will not be able to terminate the SSH connection to record it:

Note that agent forwarding is enabled twice: one from a client to a proxy
(mandatory if using a recording proxy), and then optionally from a proxy
to the end server if you want your agent running on the end server
ssh -o "ForwardAgent yes" \    -o "ProxyCommand ssh -o 'ForwardAgent yes' -p 3023 %r@p.example.com -s proxy:%h:%p" \    user@host.example.com
Tip

To avoid typing all this and use the usual ssh user@host.example.com, users can update their ~/.ssh/config file.

Verify that a Teleport certificate is loaded into the agent after logging in:

Login as Joe
tsh login --proxy=proxy.example.com --user=joe
see if the certificate is present (look for "teleport:joe") at the end of the cert
ssh-add -L
GNOME Keyring SSH Agent and GPG Agent

It is well known that the Gnome Keyring SSH agent, used by many popular Linux desktops like Ubuntu, and gpg-agent from GnuPG do not support SSH certificates. We recommend using the ssh-agent from OpenSSH.

Alternatively, you can disable the SSH agent integration entirely using the --no-use-local-ssh-agent flag or TELEPORT_USE_LOCAL_SSH_AGENT=false environment variable with tsh.

OpenSSH rate limiting

When using a Teleport proxy in "recording mode", be aware of OpenSSH's built-in rate-limiting. On large numbers of Proxy Service connections, you may encounter errors like:

channel 0: open failed: connect failed: ssh: handshake failed: EOF

See the MaxStartups setting in man sshd_config. This setting means that by default, OpenSSH only allows 10 unauthenticated connections at a time and starts dropping connections 30% of the time when the number of connections goes over 10. When it hits 100 authentication connections, all new connections are dropped.

To increase the concurrency level, increase the value to something like MaxStartups 50:30:100. This allows 50 concurrent connections and a max of 100.